Wiring is the home’s electrical system. It is made up of many circuits; each of which start from a main service panel, and sometimes a sub-panel. Standard electrical wiring is slim and flexible. Although this makes it difficult to follow the exact route of each circuit, adding new circuits is made easier.

Many types of home renovation projects entail changes to the existing wiring system. Most homeowners prefer to hire a professional electrician or other service provider experienced with wiring systems. But DIY homeowners with an understanding of their home’s electrical system can easily complete many aspects of wiring themselves if local building codes allow; as long as they follow good safety practices.

An electrical system includes the following:

• The service head – also sometimes called a weather head. This anchors the overhead service wires that run into the home. Service wires generally consist of two wires that supply 120-volt current, and one grounded or neutral wire.
• The electric meter box – keeps track of every watt of electrical current consumed. The box is usually attached either directly to the house, or a nearby pole; it is connected either to the service head, or power lines that are buried.
• The breaker box – also called the main service panel or fuse box. This distributes power to individual circuits, each for its own purpose. Circuit breakers are safety features in the breaker box that shut current down in the event of an overload or short circuit.
• Electric boxes – made from plastic or metal; they enclose wire connections and are a requirement of the National electrical code (NEC).
• Outlets – also called receptacles. They provide plug-in access to power; two prong 125-volt; three prong 15-amp.
• Power Switches – control the flow of current and turn individual power sources on or off.

Any time a home renovation project includes electrical wiring, extreme caution should be used. It is noteworthy to mention that unless the utility company shuts them off, the wires that connect the service head, electric meter box and breaker box are always live. Never attempt to repair or alter any of these devices. If there is a problem with any of them, promptly contact your utility company.

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The Comprehensive Guide to Home Renovations