Walls of residential structures consist of wood frames covered by such materials as lath, plaster, drywall, paneling, siding, and masonry.

Interior walls

Interior walls begin with a horizontal sole plate that has been nailed to the subfloor. The plate is used to support vertical studs, nailed to a horizontally running top plate. Locations on the wall where there will be an opening usually have double studs topped by a header; usually two 2X4s or 2X6s. This is to increase rigidity and add support.

Some wall frames may also include fire blocking; usually at 4-foot

Exterior Walls

Exterior Walls are usually constructed with a sill plate and box sill that rests on top of the foundation. A sole plate with 2X4 or 2X6 vertical studs spaced 16 or 24-inches apart. A top plate is made using 2X4s or 2X6s, resting either the rafters or framing for the second story.

Insulation to conserve heat and wood or composition board for strength is then topped with a layer of air wrap. This might consist of asphalt-saturated building paper or plastic that acts as a seal. Outside framing (wood, shingles, siding, masonry, or another material) protects against the elements and adds visual appeal to the structure.

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The Comprehensive Guide to Home Renovations