Walls of residential structures consist of wood
frames covered by such materials as lath, plaster, drywall, paneling,
siding, and masonry.
Interior walls
Interior walls begin with a horizontal sole plate that has been
nailed to the subfloor. The plate is used to support vertical studs,
nailed to a horizontally running top plate. Locations on the wall
where there will be an opening usually have double studs topped
by a header; usually two 2X4s or 2X6s. This is to increase rigidity
and add support.
Some wall frames may also include fire blocking; usually at 4-foot
levels, placed horizontally between studs.
Exterior Walls
Exterior Walls are usually constructed with a sill plate and box
sill that rests on top of the foundation. A sole plate with 2X4
or 2X6 vertical studs spaced 16 or 24-inches apart. A top plate
is made using 2X4s or 2X6s, resting either the rafters or framing
for the second story.
Insulation to conserve heat and wood or composition board for strength
is then topped with a layer of air wrap. This might consist of asphalt-saturated
building paper or plastic that acts as a seal. Outside framing (wood,
shingles, siding, masonry, or another material) protects against
the elements and adds visual appeal to the structure.
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